Marissa A. Paglicawan
Sex: Female
Education:
Doctor of Philosophy in Polymer Science and Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 2007
Master of Polymer Science and Composite Engineering, Katolieke Universitiet Leuven, Belgium, 1997
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry, Emilio Aguinaldo Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology, 1981
Field of Specialization:
Physical Chemistry
Materials Chemistry
Polymer Chemistry
Researches:
Article title: Thermomechanical properties of woven abaca fiber‐reinforced nanocomposites
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Marco P. Rodriguez, Josefina R. Celorico
Publication title: Polymer Composites 41(5), 2020
Abstract:
In this study, natural fiber‐reinforced polymer nanocomposites were prepared from high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), abaca fiber, and nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) using the hot press technique. The study investigated the influence of untreated and alkali‐treated woven abaca fabric and NPCC hybrid reinforcement on the thermomechanical behavior of the natural fiber composites. The HDPE with different amounts of NPCC was melt‐blended in a twin‐screw extruder followed by hot press to produce sheets. A lamination of composites containing alternating layers of HDPE sheets with different amounts of NPCC and layers of untreated and alkali‐treated woven abaca fabric was produced using a hot press machine. The resulting material was composed of 20% weight ratio of woven abaca fibers. The tensile strength showed that the nanocomposite exhibited a high tensile value of 60.1 MPa with alkali‐treated abaca and 1% NPCC. However, a further increase in the NPCC concentration beyond 1% reduced the mechanical strength of the nanocomposite. The thermal stability of the abaca fiber‐reinforced nanocomposite improved with addition of NPCC. Scanning electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that alkali‐treated abaca and 1% NPCC improved the adhesion and compatibility between the fiber and polymer matrix. The potential applications of this natural fiber‐reinforced composite are for automotive and construction materials.
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Article title: Plasma-treated Abaca Fabric/Unsaturated Polyester Composite Fabricated by Vacuum-assisted Resin Transfer Molding
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Byung Sun Kim, Blessie Basilia, Carlo Emolaga, et al.
Publication title: International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing- Green Technology 1(3), June 2014
Abstract:
To improve the adhesion and wetting between the abaca fibers and matrix, the surface of abaca fabric was modified using plasma polymerization. Different plasma exposure times were conducted to determine the effect of plasma treatment on the properties of the composites. A combination of plasma and other surface modification processes was also investigated to determine whether double treatments could further enhance the properties of these composites. Combined treatments involve plasma polymerization of the fabric after pretreatment with one of the following surface-modification reagents: a) γmethacrylopropyltrimethylsilane, b) triethoxyvinylsilane, and c) 2%w/w NaOH (aq).The abaca fabric/unsaturated polyester composites were fabricated using the vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) technique.SEM results showed that 10 to 20 seconds plasma treatment gave the right amount of surface roughness for maximum fiber and matrix adhesion leading to improved mechanical properties of the composites. Longer plasma treatment time and double treatment however resulted in composites with lower mechanical properties. Although the composite with alkali and plasma-treated fabric showed the lowest mechanical properties it exhibited the lowest water uptake in both distilled water and brine solution.
Article title: Water Uptake and Tensile Properties of Plasma Treated Abaca Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Byung Sun Kim, Blessie Basilia
Publication title: Composites Research 26(3), June 2013
Abstract:
This work presents the tensile properties and water uptake behavior of plasma treated abaca fibers reinforced epoxy composites. The composites were prepared by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The effects of treatment on tensile properties and sorption characteristics of abaca fiber composites in distilled water and salt solution at room temperature were investigated. The tensile strength of the composites increased with plasma treatment. With plasma treatment, an improvement of 92.9% was obtained in 2.5 min exposure time in plasma. This is attributed to high fiber-matrix compatibility. Less improvement on tensile properties of hybrid treatment of sodium hydroxide and plasma was obtained. However, both treatments reduced overall water uptake in distilled water and salt solution. Hydrophilicity of the fibers decreased upon plasma and sodium hydroxide treatment, which decreases water uptake.
Article title: Influence of Nanoclay on the Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid) Blends
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Blessie Basilia, Ma. Teresa V. Navarro, Carlo Emolaga
Publication title: Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 7(1), February 2013
Abstract:
Thermoplastic starch is a type of biodegradable material based on starch. However, this material has high water solubility and may lose their mechanical properties in humid conditions. To solve this, biodegradable blends were prepared by melt blending of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and synthetic polylactic acid. The thermoplastic starch with different amounts of locally produced nanoclay was prepared by mixing the 70% starch with glycerol and water in a single screw extruder. The blends were composed of TPS nanocomposites andpolylactic acid in the presence of maleic anhydride. The blend ratios of TPS with nanoclay and PLA were 70:30 and 30:70. The mechanical properties of the biodegradable blends, thermal characteristics, structural behavior, microstructures and water resistance were evaluated. The mechanical properties of PLA/TPS nanocomposite with maleic anhydride were higher than the physical blends of PLA/TPS without maleic anhydride and nanoclay. The XRD result showed that the biodegradable blend nanocomposites exhibited the intercalation of nanoclay within the blends matrix. The microstructure of the blends in the presence of maleic anhydride showed homogenous and smoother surface. The crystallization temperature of the biodegradable blends shifted to a lower temperature compared to the physical blend of TPS nanoclay/PLA. The blends showed better water resistance compared to the physical blend of TPS and PLA.
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Article title: Dielectric and thermal properties of thermoplastic elastomer gels in the presence of nanographite
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan and Jin Kuk Kim
Publication title: E-polymers 11(1), June 2011
Abstract:
In this work, the effect of different nanographite such as expandable graphite (EG) and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) on the electrical and thermal properties of nanocomposite thermoplastic elastomer gels prepared from a poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS) imbibed with an EB-compatible paraffin oil was investigated. The electrical properties have been studied as a function of variation of nanoparticles in the frequency range of 52 to 107 Hz. For all the nanoparticles studied, the dielectric constant increases as the volume content of the nanoparticles in the TPE gels increases. The increase in dielectric constant was fairly smooth with no clear dielectric singularity in the concentration range studied. However, the percolation threshold in the dielectric spectra was clearly seen. The incorporation of a small quantity of nanographite improved the thermal stability of the swollen midblock of TPEGS, since the particles dispersed in this region, thereby increasing the distinct region of oil degradation temperature but no improvement on SEBS matrix. The results showed that size, shape and agglomeration of the particles with high amount of oil in SEBS system played a role in the dielectric properties and thermal stability.
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Article title: Dispersion of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels: Morphological, Rheological, and Electrical Properties
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Jin Kuk Kim, Dae-Suk Bang
Publication title: Polymer Composites 31(2), February 2009
Abstract:
An investigation was reported here with an aim to prepare nanocomposite thermoplastic elastomer gels by dissolving polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer in selective hydrocarbon oils with the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The properties related to morphology, viscoelasticity, electrical and mechanical properties, and thermal stability were explored and discussed. Dynamic rheological measurements of the resultant nanocomposite thermoplastic elastomer gels (NCTPEGs) confirmed that addition of MWCNTs affects the linear viscoelastic properties in which dynamic storage and loss moduli increase to some extent. At a temperature between 30°C and 40°C below the gel point the NCTPEGs have dynamic storage modulus greater than loss modulus (G′ and G″), thereby indicating that at room temperature a physical network is still present despite the addition of MWCNTs. The morphological properties revealed that MWCNTs were dispersed and exfoliated within the swollen TPE. The incorporation of small quantity of MWCNTs improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of NCTPEGs. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010.
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Article title: Properties of new nanocomposite triblock copolymer gels based on expandable graphite
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan and Jin Kuk Kim
Publication title: Polymer Engineering and Science 48(9), September 2008
Abstract:
In this work, we investigated the effect of expandable graphite (EG) on the property of triblock copolymer prepared from a poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS) imbibed with an EB-compatible hydrocarbon oil. The rheological properties showed that at a temperature between 30 and 40°C below the gel point, the triblock copolymer gels had a dynamic storage modulus (G′) greater than loss modulus (G‵), thereby indicating that at ambient temperature, a physical network is still present in spite of the addition of nanoparticles. Dynamic rheological measurements of the resultant nanocomposite triblock copolymer gels confirmed that the addition of EG affects the linear viscoelastic properties and maximum operating temperature of the parent triblock copolymer gels. The mechanical properties showed only marginal increase, which can be attributed to the poor dispersion that leads to agglomeration of particle into micrometer size stacks, and thus the particles behave only as inorganic fillers. The morphology and X-ray diffraction revealed that the EG used to generate nanocomposite triblock copolymer gels is dispersed generally within the swollen copolymer and/or solvent. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
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Article title: A Novel Ultrasonic Method of Preparation of Polyurethane Materials
Authors: Maridass Balasubramanian, Marissa Paglicawan, Jin Kuk Kim
Publication title: International Journal of Polymeric Materials 57(8), August 2008
Abstract:
The possibility of using ultrasonic waves in the reaction between methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) to create polyurethanes is described in this article. This normally slow reaction without chemical catalysts was found to occur to completion within minutes in the presence of ultrasonic waves. A commercially available ultrasonic apparatus was used and characterized for the ultrasonic power. The effect of varying the isocyanate/alcohol groups (NCO/OH) ratio in the presence of ultrasonic waves was also studied. These ratios were found to have a strong effect on the reaction time and mechanical properties of the materials. They also influence the thermal stabilities of the products. Higher NCO/OH ratios lead to faster curing times and harder but brittle materials.
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Article title: The effect of inclusion of nanoparticles on the rheological and morphological properties of triblock copolymer gels
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan and Jin Kuk Kim
Publication title: TechConnect Briefs 1, June 2008
Abstract:
Nanocomposite materials were prepared by embedding nanosized particles into triblock copolymer gels. The properties related to morphology, viscoelasticity and thermal stability were explored and discussed. Dynamic rheological measurements of the resultant NCTPE gels showed that at temperature between 30 °C to 40 °C below the gel point, the nanocomposite thermoplastic elastomer gels (NCTPEGs) have dynamic storage modulus greater than loss modulus (G′ and G″), thereby indicating that at ambient temperature a physical network was still present despite the addition of nanoparticles. Storage modulus slightly increases as the nanoparticles increase. The morphology revealed that nanoparticles used to generate nanocomposite triblock copolymer gels are dispersed generally within the swollen copolymer and or solvent. Thermal degradation was improved with the addition of nanoparticles. This research hopefully gives new advancement in the field of nanocomposite polymer gels with wider application.
Article title: Prediction and Optimization of Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Waste Tire Powder Blends using a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (GA-ANN)
Authors: Maridass Balsubramanian, Marissa Paglicawan, Zhenxiu Zhang, Sung Hyo Lee, et al.
Publication title: Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 21(1), January 2008
Abstract:
Blends of Polypropylene (PP) and waste ground rubber tire powder are studied with respect to the effect of ethylene—propylene—diene monomer (EPDM) and polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) compatibilizer content by using the Design of Experiments methodology, whereby the effect of the four polymers content on the final mechanical properties are predicted. Uniform design method is especially adopted for its advantages. Optimization is done using hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm technique. A rubber formulary with respect to the four ingredients are optimized having maximum tensile strength and then compared with a blend predicted to have maximum elongation at break. It is concluded that the blends show fairly good properties provided that it has a relatively higher concentration of PP-g-MA and EPDM content. SEM investigations also corroborates with the observed mechanical properties. A quantitative relationship is then shown between the material concentration and the mechanical properties as a set of contour plots, which are then tested and confirmed experimentally to conform to the optimum blend ratio.
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Article title: Waste PU/PP Blends with Improved Technological Properties
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Maridass Balusubramanian, Zhenxiu Zhang, Jin Kuk Kim
Publication title: Polymer Plastics Technology and Engineering 47(1), January 2008
Abstract:
An investigation is reported here which aims to study the possibility of recycling waste polyurethane powder by melt blending with polypropylene. Improvement in the technological properties is found to be possible by increasing the miscibility of the blend by using a series of maleic-anhydride based compatibilizers. Mechanical properties were found to increase with increase in the compatibilizer content. It is claimed that the explanations given in this paper are unique in that through the use of a series of maleic anhydride based compatibilizers with PU/PP blends, it is possible to get materials with high mechanical properties which is corroborated by morphological and contact angle studies.
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Article title: Influence of Hydrocarbon Oils on the Physical Gelation of Poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS) Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Jin Kuk Kim, Marissa Paglicawan, Sung Hyo Lee, Maridass Balasubramanian
Publication title: Journal of Elastomers and Plastics 39(2), April 2007
Abstract:
The physical gelation of triblock copolymer poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS) in different hydrocarbon oils with different concentrations is studied in this article. The linear viscoelastic behavior, thermal transitions, swelling behavior, and gel properties on physical gelation are presented. The linear viscoelastic behavior is highly dependent on the copolymer concentration and type of oils. The degree of moduli responses of SEBS gels increase with higher gelation temperature, thereby indicating the longer lifetime of gel junctions. Small amounts of aromatic content in the hydrocarbon oil decreases the thermal stability of micelle formation of the gel and increases the compatibility of the solvent with copolymer, thereby resulting in low gelation temperature, lower moduli, as well as gel strength. With an increase in paraffinic content and molecular weight of hydrocarbon oil, the gelation temperature, moduli, and gel properties show improvement. Differential scanning calorimetric results show phase separation of soft segment and hard segment. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of soft ethylene—butylene (EB) midblock is not dependent on the triblock copolymer concentration nor on the type of oil, whereas the Tg of hard segment styrene endblock is highly dependent on triblock copolymer concentration and type of oil. The molecular weight and paraffinic hydrocarbon content of the oils are found to contribute to the stability of micelles and the incompatibility of hydrocarbon oil in SEBS triblock copolymer.
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Article title: Study on Nanocomposite Thermoplastic Elastomer Gels
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Maridass Balasubramanian, Jin Kuk Kim
Publication title: Macromolecular Symposia 249-250(1), April 2007
Abstract:
The effect of several network-forming nanoscale materials such as two different types of graphite and multiwalled carbon nanotube on the property development of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) gels prepared from microphase- ordered poly(styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene) (SEBS) triblock copolymer dissolved in paraffin oil was studied. Dynamic rheological measurements of the resultant nanocomposite TPE (NCTPE) gels showed that at temperature between 30 °C to 40 °C below the gel point, the NCTPE gels have dynamic storage modulus greater than loss modulus (G′ and G″), thereby indicating that at ambient temperature a physical network is still present despite the addition of nanoparticles. In general, the nanoparticles lower the gelation temperature. The X-ray diffraction of NCTPE gels showed that EG2 system exhibited intercalation, those with CNTs exhibited exfoliation and EG1 did not change at all.
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Article title: Effects of Extruder Parameters and Compositions on Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene/Waste Tire Blends
Authors: Jin Kuk Kim, Sung Hyo Lee, Marissa Paglicawan, Maridass Balasubramanian
Publication title: Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 46(1), January 2007
Abstract:
A co-rotating twin screw extruder was used for blending thermoplastic elastomeric blends of ground rubber tire (GRT) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The dynamic reaction occurring between the blends necessitates a study of the processing parameters of the extruder. The effects of the extruder screw configurations, screw speed, compatabilizer and blend ratios on the mechanical properties, and morphology was studied. Out of the four different screw configurations A, B, C, and D, screw D with reverse flow elements was found to be highly efficient with respect to mechanical properties, particularly at 100 rpm screw speed. SEM studies revealed that GRT and PP-g-MA are thermodynamically miscible under optimized screw configuration and processing condition of 100 rpm screw speed. SEM studies also show that the addition of compatibilizer increases the miscibility and, consequently, the mechanical properties. Finally, a composition involving GRT/PP-g-MA/SEBS-g-MA as 65/35/10 by weight was found to be optimum.
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Article title: Viscoelastic and gelation studies of SEBS thermoplastic elastomer in different hydrocarbon oils
Authors: Jin Kuk Kim, Marissa Paglicawan, Maridass Balasubramanian
Publication title: Macromolecular Research 14(3), June 2006
Abstract:
Poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) triblock copolymer was studied by dissolving the ethylene butylene midblock in selective hydrocarbon oils. These oils differ in their aromatic, paraffinic and naphthenic content. Dynamic rheological studies showed that the storage modulus (G′) exceeded the loss modulus (G″) for all the gels over the entire range of frequency, thereby confirming them as physical gels. However, the behavior ofG′ andG″ as a function of frequency depended primarily on the oil type. The gelation melting temperature decreased drastically with increased oil aromaticity. Small angle X-ray scattering studies revealed that the maximum interdomain interference shifted to a higher angle depending on the composition and type of hydrocarbon oil. Keywordsphysical gel–viscoelastic properties–triblock copolymer–SEBS
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Article title: Loofah Fiber as Reinforcement Material for Composite
Authors: Marissa Paglicawan, Ma. Susana Cabillon, Rosito P. Cerbito, Elizabeth O. Santos
Publication title: Philippine Journal of Science 134(2), December 2005
Abstract:
In this preliminary study, the potential of loofah fiber as reinforcement material for polymer-bonded composites was investigated. Tensile and flexural properties of loofah fiber reinforced plastic were characterized and evaluated. The mechanical properties of the composite have been determined as a function of different method of loofah fiber preparation. The fiber-matrix interaction and fiber/matrix volume were also determined using a stereomicroscope. Results of mechanical properties, at least in this study showed that loofah fiber reinforced with unsaturated polyester are typical anisotropic material since the loofah is generally controlled by the network of fibers in multi-directions. The concentration of fibers in the loofah itself has a significant effect on the mechanical properties as shown from the results of transverse and longitudinal direction. The tensile and flexural modulus varied depending on the sample preparation of the composite and the direction of loading.
Article title: Natural weathering of polypropylene in a tropical zone
Authors: Elinor L. Bedia, Marissa Paglicawan, Cynthia V. Bernas, Severino T. Bernardo, et al.
Publication title: Journal of Applied Polymer Science 87(6), February 2003
Abstract:
Natural weathering of isotactic polypropylene (PP) plates (2 mm in thickness) was conducted for 15 months in the Philippines. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy revealed that the surface layer (200–300 nm in thickness) was affected in the first month, and cracks are formed toward the deeper layer. On the basis of the microscopic observations along with FTIR, DSC, GPC, and tensile strength measurements, the following degradation mechanism of PP was proposed. At first, through oxygen introduced into the PP, only the surface layer seems to be affected. Gradually, the surface layer may be removed, exposing the inner layer. Then, molecular chains of the inner layer start to be degraded, accompanying a significant loss of tensile properties. Part of the degraded materials seems to be eroded, leading to the formation of cracks on the surface of the uncovered inner layer. Finally, the original surface layer may be totally eroded, making the structure of the inner layer (which should reflect the spherulitic texture) evident.
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Article title: Effect of Devulcanizer on the Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizates
Authors: Jin Kuk Kim and Marissa A. Paglicawan
Publication title: Philippine Journal of Science 133(2), December 2004
Abstract:
The effect of De-Link R on the properties of natural rubber vulcanizates was investigated. Different amounts of De-Link R were added to the base formulation of natural rubber compound. The tensile properties were determined and correlated with the results of cure characteristics and crosslink density. Results showed that the maximum torque, scorch time, and cure time increase with increasing De-Link R content. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break drop tremendously as the amount of De-Link R content increases; whereas the modulus at 100% and 300% elongation increase due to the formation of new crosslink as indicated in the increase of crosslink density.